Today | News | Books | Recipes Adventure | Science Fiction | Ghost stories | Poetry | Children | History Book_Condicioun_, temperament, character, disposition. Prof. Corson here refers us to Shakespeare, Merch. Ven. i. 2. 143; Cor. v. 4. 10; Oth. iv. 1. 204; Jul. Cæs. ii. 1. 254, &c. 41. On the scansion, see note to l. 67. 43. _Daysyes_, daisies; here dissyllabic. But in l. 182 we have the full form _day-es-y-e_, of four syllables, answering to the A.S. _dæges éage_ (or _ége_), lit. day's eye, or eye of day, as Chaucer himself says in l. 184. And it is worth adding that his etymology is perfectly correct; for, in the few instances in which etymologies are suggested in Middle English, they are usually ludicrously wrong. In l. 184, the word is only trisyllabic (_day-es-y'_), the last syllable suffering elision. The A.S. _dægesége_ occurs in a list of plants in A.S. Leechdoms, ed. Cockayne, iii. 292, l. 8; and we also find in Wright's A.S. Vocabularies, ed. Wülker, col. 135, l. 22, and col. 322, l. 11, the following entries:--'_Consolda_, dægesege,' and '_Consolda_, dægeseage.' The primary meaning of _dæges éage_ is doubtless the sun; the daisy is named from its supposed likeness to the sun, the white petals being the rays, and the yellow centre the sun's sphere. Compare Lydgate's Troy-book, ed. 1555, fol. K 6, back:-- 'And next, Appollo, so clere, shene, and bright, The _dayes eye_, and voyder of the nyght.' 46. 'That, when in my bed, no day dawns upon me on which I am not (at once) up, and (am soon) walking in the meadow.' _Nam_ = _ne am_, am not. 49. _By the morwe_, with the (dawn of the) morning. 50. _Sight-e_ is dissyllabic, as the scansion shews. In l. 15, _wight_ is monosyllabic. It is often difficult to ascertain Chaucer's usage of such forms, and we have to observe, where we can, any instances that are helpful. The Rime-Indexes to the Canterbury Tales and to the Minor Poems are often of great service. We learn from them that _wight_ rimes with the monosyllables _bright_, _knight_, _might_, _night_, _right_, &c., whereas _sighte_ rimes with the infin. moods _light-e_, _fight-e_, &c., as well as with monosyllables, and is therefore used somewhat capriciously. Another helpful list is that given in Ellis's Early Eng. Pronunciation, ch. iv. § 5, founded upon Prof. Child's articles on Chaucer and Gower. This at once refers us to C. T. 2118 (It were a lusty _sight-e_ for to see); 2335 (But sodeinly she saugh a _sight-e_ queynte); &c. We should also consider the etymology. Now _wight_ = A.S. _wiht_, is monosyllabic, and gives no difficulty. On the other hand, the A.S. for 'sight' is _gesiht_ or _gesihþ_; but it is a fem. sb., and makes _all_ its oblique cases with a final _-e_, viz. _gesiht-e_ or _gesihþ-e_. In such instances, the nominative case often lost its distinctive form, and took the form of the other cases, so that already in the Ormulum (l. 12670) we find the nom. case _sihhþ-e_, dissyllabic. Such usages have received careful attention in the present edition, and in almost every case the addition of a final _e_ in an unexpected place can be amply justified by instances of Chaucer's usage in other passages. If the student will endeavour to _verify_ some of the examples here given, he will soon come to a clearer knowledge of the matter. 52. _Hit_, it, i.e. the daisy. But in l. 53 it is referred to as _she_. We shall see why this is hereafter. As a mere flower, it is neuter; but as being the type of Alcestis, it is feminine. Cf. ll. 62, 63. 53. We have come to the first instance in which Chaucer transposed the order of his material in the course of revision. Line 53 of the B-text corresponds to A. 55, whilst B. 61 corresponds to A. 51. All such instances are clearly shewn by printing the transposed passages twice over, once in their right place, and again in their changed place _in a smaller type_. By this arrangement all such transpositions can be understood at a glance. The blank space which here appears in the A-text corresponds to ll. 50-52 in B, which are marked with an asterisk as being peculiar to the latter text. In order to save space, a small blank space (of one or two lines only) often corresponds to an insertion in the other text of some length. 56. 'And I love it, and ever (do so) equally anew,' i.e. unalterably. 57. The word _herte_ is so common that it is worth while to remember that it is usually dissyllabic; the A.S. form being _heorte_. 58. _Al_, although (very common). _Of this_, in this matter. 61. _Weste_, is here a verb; 'to turn to the west.' See l. 197. 65. Probably to be scanned thus: Óf | the sónn' | for thér | hit wól | unclós-e. See note to l. 67, and cf. l. 111. 66. _Ne had_, pronounced as _nad_; and often so written. 67. The first syllable of a line is often wanting in Chaucer; so that the first foot consists of a single emphatic syllable. Such lines are now considered faulty, though examples may be found in Tennyson's 'Vision of Sin,' which cannot be called unmelodious; but they were once common, especially in Lydgate. Some examples from the present poem are the following:-- That | of alle the floures in the mede; 41. Suf | fisant this flour to preyse aright; 67. Of | this flour, whan that hit shulde unclose; 111. Made | hir lyk a daysie for to sene; 224. So also ll. 245, 303, 722, 783, 797, 859, 863, 901, 911, 1024, 1030, 1076, 1187, 1275, 1324, 1342, 1498, 1551, 1828, 1996, 2471, 2575. 68. _Conning_, knowledge. Many words now used with a changed signification are well explained in Trench's Select Glossary, which should be consulted for them. Thus, in the article upon _cunning_, Trench quotes the following from the examination of Wm. Thorpe, as preserved in Foxe's Book of Martyrs:--'I believe that all these three Persons [in the Godhead] are even in power and in _cunning and in might_'. 69. _Make_, compose poetry; _of sentement_, concerning your feelings. So in l. 74, _making_ is 'poetry.' See Trench, s.v. _make_; where it is shewn that the use of the word arose quite independently of the Gk. use of [Greek: poiein] and [Greek: poiêtês]. 'One of the earliest instances of the use of _makyere_ in the sense of "author" occurs in the Kentish Ayenbite of Inwyt, ed. Morris, p. 269; written A.D. 1340. The A.S. _scóp_ and O.H.G. _scóf_ mean "a shaper." The G. _Dichter_ means an "arranger"; the Fr. _trouvère_, Provençal _troubadour_, and Ital. _trovatore_ means a "finder."'--Skeat, note to P. Plowman, B. xii. 16 (where _makynges_ means 'poems'). 72. Cf. l. 193. There appears to be here some reference to a poem of the kind called in F. _tenson_ (O.F. _tençon_) or in O. Provençal _tenso_, i.e. 'dispute,' in which the relative merits of two subjects are discussed. An early example in English is the poem called The Owl and the Nightingale, in which these birds contend for the superiority. In the present case, the suggestion is to discuss the value of the Leaf, representing no doubt constancy or any enduring virtue, as compared with that of the Flower, the representative of perishable beauty a |